Objectives

1. College survey

2. Will you tell your story?

3. For & against arguments – education

4. Using Moodle & email addresses

5. Exam – the final chapter!

6. Arash’s presentation

7. Listening practice

8. Grammar – would & used to

words

a satchel:

B2 very ​great in ​amount or ​level, or ​extremely good:They were making a tremendous ​amount of ​noise last ​night.She’s been a tremendous (= very ​great) ​help to me over the last few ​months.You ​won? That’s tremendous!

bemoan verb [T]

UK   /bɪˈməʊn/  US   /-ˈmoʊn/ formal

› to ​complain or ​express sadness about something:Researchers at ​universities are always bemoaning ​their ​lack of ​funds.

poise noun [U]

UK   US   /pɔɪz/ approving

› ​calm ​confidence in a person’s way of ​behaving, or a ​quality of​grace (= ​moving in an ​attractive way) and ​balance in the way a ​person ​holds or ​moves ​their ​body:He ​looked ​embarrassed for a ​moment, then ​quickly ​regained his poise.Her ​confidence and poise show that she is a ​top ​model.

parentage noun [U]

UK   /ˈpeə.rən.tɪdʒ/  US   /ˈper.ən.t̬ɪdʒ/

› When you refer to people’s parentage, you ​mean ​their ​parentsand/or ​their parent’s ​country and ​social ​class:The ​novel ​starts when a ​child of ​unknown parentage is ​left at the ​house of the ​local ​priest.She is of ​mixed Australian and ​Japanese parentage.

stranglehold noun [C usually singular]

UK   /ˈstræŋ.ɡl̩.həʊld/  US  /-hoʊld/ disapproving

› a ​position of ​complete ​control that ​prevents something from ​developing:The two ​major ​companies have been ​tightening ​their strangleholdon the ​beer ​market.

judiciary noun [C, + sing/pl verb]

UK   /dʒuːˈdɪʃ.ər.i/  US   /-ɚ-/

› the ​part of a country’s ​government that is ​responsible for ​its​legal ​system, ​including all the ​judges in the country’s ​courts:a ​member of the judiciary

stratify verb [T]

UK   /ˈstræt.ɪ.faɪ/  US   /ˈstræt̬-/

› to ​arrange the different ​parts of something in ​separate ​layersor ​groups:The ​sample of ​people ​questioned was ​drawn from the university’s ​student ​register and stratified by ​age and ​gender.a stratified ​society

stratification

noun [U] UK   /ˌstræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/  US   /ˌstræt̬-/ formal

›The ​prime ​minister ​wants to ​reduce ​social stratification and make the ​country a ​classless ​society. (stratified rock)

perpetuate verb [T]

UK   /pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/  US   /pɚˈpetʃ-/ formal

› to ​cause something to ​continue:Increasing the ​supply of ​weapons will only perpetuate the ​violenceand ​anarchy.The ​aim of the ​association is to perpetuate the ​skills of ​traditional​furniture ​design.

perpetuation

noun [U] UK   /pəˌpetʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/  US   /ˌpɚ.petʃ-/

›The ​lack of ​military ​action from other ​countries has ​contributed to the perpetuation of the ​civil ​war.

resent verb [T]

UK   US   /rɪˈzent/

C2 to ​feel ​angry because you have been ​forced to ​acceptsomeone or something that you do not like:She ​bitterly resented her father’s new ​wife.[+ -ing verb] He resents having to ​explain his ​work to other ​people.

More examples

resentment

noun [C or U] UK   US   /-mənt/

C2He ​feels/​harbours (a) ​deep resentment against/towards his ​parentsfor his ​miserable ​childhood.

Arash’s Presentation about Iran’s aquaducts