Objectives
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Moral dilemmas
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what is character
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writing a description using the personality words we have used in the past couple of lessons
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Using past simple, present simple & present perfect in a piece of writing
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practice proof-reading
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watch the exam video and practice discussion and listening
moral adjective
UK /ˈmɒr.əl/ US /ˈmɔːr-/
B2 relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. that each person believes in, rather than to laws:It’s her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.It is not part of a novelist’s job to make a moral judgment.She was the only politician to condemn the proposed law on moral grounds (= for moral reasons).
dilemma noun [C]
UK US /daɪˈlem.ə/ /dɪ-/
B2 a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do:The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves.a moral/ethical dilemma
genetics noun [U]
UK /dʒəˈnet.ɪks/ US /-ˈnet̬-/
ginger noun (SPICE)
ginger noun (COLOUR)
congregation noun [C, + sing/pl verb]
UK /ˌkɒŋ.ɡrɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːŋ-/
› a group of people who have come together in a religiousbuilding for worship and prayer:The priest asked the congregation to kneel.
nationalism noun [U]
UK US /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl.ɪ.zəm/ /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪ-/
› a nation’s wish and attempt to be politically independent› a great or too great love of your own country:The book documents the rise of the political right with itsaccompanying strands of nationalism and racism.
patriot noun [C]
UK /ˈpæt.ri.ət/ /ˈpeɪ.tri-/ US /ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑːt/
hedonism noun [U]
UK US /ˈhed.ən.ɪ.zəm/
hedonist
hedonistic
adjective UK US /ˌhed.ənˈɪs.tɪk/
materialism noun [U]
UK /məˈtɪə.ri.ə.lɪ.zəm/ US /-ˈtɪr.i-/
materialism noun [U] (MONEY)
C2 the belief that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life:So have we become a self-centred society, preoccupied with materialism?
materialism noun [U] (PHYSICAL)
› specialized social sciences, religion the belief that only physical matter exists and the spiritual world does not
obstinate adjective
UK /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/ US /ˈɑːb.stə-/
› unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says:He can be very obstinate at times.her obstinate refusal to compromise› [before noun] used to describe a problem, situation, or thing that is difficult to deal with, remove, or defeat:obstinate weedsInvading troops met with obstinate resistance by guerrilla forces.
desperate adjective
UK /ˈdes.pər.ət/ US /-pɚ-/
desperate adjective (SERIOUS)
C2 very serious or bad:desperate povertya desperate shortage of food/suppliesThe situation is desperate – we have no food, very little water and no medical supplies.› very great or extreme:The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help.He has a desperate desire to succeed.
dispirited adjective
UK /dɪˈspɪr.ɪ.tɪd/ US /-t̬ɪd/
› not feeling much hope about a particular situation or problem:The troops were dispirited and disorganized.
dispiriting
adjective UK /-tɪŋ/ US /-t̬ɪŋ/
›It was a bit dispiriting to see so few people at the meeting.
personality noun
UK /ˌpɜː.sənˈæl.ə.ti/ US /ˌpɝː.sənˈæl.ə.t̬i/
personality noun (CHARACTER)
personality noun (FAMOUS PERSON)
character noun
UK /ˈkær.ɪk.tər/ US /ˈker.ɪk.tɚ/
character noun (QUALITY)
B1 [C or U] the particular combination of qualities in a person or place that makes them different from others:Politeness is traditionally part of the British character.It would be very out of character (= not typical) of her to lie.One of the joys of being a parent is watching the child’s character develop
spiritual adjective
UK US /ˈspɪr.ɪ.tju.əl/
B2 relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially religious beliefs:Traditional ways of life fulfilled both economic and spiritual needs.
spiritualism noun [U]
UK US /ˈspɪr.ɪ.tju.əl.ɪ.zəm/
spiritualist
noun [C]
values plural noun
US /ˈvæl·juz/
› the principles that help you to decidewhat is right and wrong, and how to act in various situations:The political platform is based on traditional values associated with the rural South.
self-conscious adjective
UK /ˌselfˈkɒn.ʃəs/ US /-ˈkɑːn-/
C1 nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what peoplethink about you or your actions:He looked uncomfortable, like a self-conscious adolescent.
More examples
self-consciously
adverb
narcissist noun [C]
UK /ˈnɑː.sɪ.sɪst/ US /ˈnɑːr.sə-/
› someone who has too much admiration for himself or herself
too much and too many
intensifying adverbs
